What is spondylosis?
Spondylosis is a medical term used to describe degenerative changes in the spine, most commonly affecting the intervertebral discs, joints, and ligaments. This condition can involve any part of the spine — cervical (neck), thoracic (middle back), or lumbar (lower back) segments. Spondylosis is usually associated with aging but can also result from other factors such as injuries, genetic predisposition, poor posture, or excessive strain.
The spine provides mobility, flexibility, and stability to the body. It consists of 33-34 vertebrae connected by intervertebral discs, joints, and ligaments. The discs between vertebrae act as cushions that absorb shock and allow movement. However, over time, due to the natural aging process or other factors, these discs can lose elasticity and their ability to effectively absorb pressure, leading to spinal degeneration.
The Impact of Spondylosis on Your Spine
Spondylosis causes a range of changes in the structure of the spine that can seriously affect its functionality. Here are some key impacts spondylosis may have:
Disc degeneration: Intervertebral discs can lose water and become dry, reducing their ability to absorb shock and provide flexibility. This can lead to a decrease in disc height and pressure on nerve roots, causing pain and stiffness.
Formation of osteophytes (bone spurs): In response to disc degeneration and loss of stability, the body may form osteophytes, or bony growths, around the vertebrae. These growths can further irritate nerve roots, leading to pain, numbness, or weakness in the limbs.
Compression of nerve roots: If spondylosis affects the nerve roots, compression may occur, causing pain radiating into the arms or legs, depending on the affected part of the spine. For example, cervical spondylosis (neck area) can cause pain radiating into the arms, while lumbar spondylosis may cause pain in the legs.
Limited mobility: Spondylosis can reduce the mobility of spinal joints, resulting in stiffness and decreased flexibility. Limited mobility can make everyday activities such as sitting, standing, or walking difficult.
Inflammation and pain: Degenerative changes cause inflammation in surrounding joints, ligaments, and tissues, which can lead to pain and discomfort. The pain may be constant or occur only during certain movements or activities.
How does spondylosis develop?
Spondylosis usually develops gradually over the years as a result of the normal aging process. However, it can also arise due to excessive stress on the spine, injuries, poor posture, or genetic factors. People who spend a lot of time sitting, under stress, or engaged in physical work involving repetitive movements or heavy lifting may be more prone to developing this condition.
Spondylosis does not necessarily cause pain in all cases. Many people have degenerative changes in the spine but experience no symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they typically present as back pain, stiffness, numbness, or weakness in the arms and legs.
Types of spondylosis
Spondylosis is a degenerative spinal condition that can affect different parts of the spinal column. Depending on its location, it is classified into cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spondylosis. Each type has specific characteristics and symptoms because it affects different regions of the spine. To better understand how each type impacts spinal health, it is important to clarify the differences between them.
Cervical spondylosis – Degeneration of the neck spine
Cervical spondylosis affects the cervical spine, which consists of seven vertebrae and supports the head, allowing its movement and stability. This type of spondylosis is most commonly associated with aging and usually affects people over 50 years old, although it can also develop due to injuries, excessive strain, or poor posture.
Symptoms of cervical spondylosis:
Neck pain that radiates toward the shoulders or arms
Stiffness and limited neck mobility
Tingling or weakness in the arms
Headaches, especially in the occipital (back of the head) area
Sometimes pain radiates into the arms, which can become weak and have difficulty moving
Cervical spondylosis often occurs as a result of decreased intervertebral disc height, causing pressure on the nerve roots and leading to pain and stiffness.
Thoracic spondylosis – Degeneration of the mid-back spine
Thoracic spondylosis occurs in the thoracic (mid-back) part of the spine, which consists of 12 vertebrae and is located between the neck and the lower back. This section of the spine supports the torso and enables breathing movements. Although thoracic spondylosis is less common compared to cervical and lumbar types, it can develop due to aging, poor posture, injuries, or excessive strain.
Symptoms of thoracic spondylosis:
Pain in the mid-back area (between the shoulder blades)
Stiffness or limited mobility
Tingling or weakness in the arms or legs, although less common than in other types of spondylosis
Sometimes pain worsens during breathing or bending
Thoracic spondylosis can cause chest pain, which may sometimes be mistaken for heart or lung problems, but it is actually caused by degeneration of the spinal discs or joints in this part of the spine.
Lumbar spondylosis – Degeneration of the lower spine
Lumbar spondylosis is a degenerative condition affecting the lumbar (lower) spine, which consists of five vertebrae located in the lower back. This part of the spine plays a key role in supporting the upper body and enabling movement during walking, standing, and sitting. Lumbar spondylosis is one of the most common types of spondylosis due to the excessive stress this area experiences from poor posture, heavy physical work, or injuries.
Symptoms of lumbar spondylosis:
Lower back pain that worsens when sitting or lifting heavy objects
Stiffness in the lower back
Pain radiating into the legs (sciatica), often referred to as sciatica
Tingling or weakness in the legs
Reduced mobility in the lower body
Lumbar spondylosis can lead to compression of nerve roots in the lower spine, causing leg pain, numbness, and weakness in the extremities.
What is the difference between these types of spondylosis?
Although spondylosis in all parts of the spine shares common causes (degeneration of discs, joints, and ligaments) and symptoms (pain, stiffness, and weakness), the differences lie in the specific symptoms and the impact on spinal health depending on the affected area:
Cervical spondylosis causes neck pain, tingling in the arms, and headaches.
Thoracic spondylosis usually causes pain in the mid-back but less frequently causes tingling or weakness in the arms and legs.
Lumbar spondylosis causes lower back pain that can radiate into the legs, accompanied by tingling and weakness in the legs.
Causes and Risk Factors for Developing Spondylosis
Spondylosis is a degenerative spinal condition that most commonly occurs with aging, but many other factors can contribute to its development. Degeneration of the intervertebral discs, joints, and ligaments leads to reduced spinal flexibility and mobility, which can cause pain and other symptoms. Understanding the causes and risk factors can help you recognize symptoms early and take preventive measures to stop the progression of the disease.
Causes of spondylosis
Causes of spondylosis:
Aging: The most common cause of spondylosis is the natural aging process. As we age, spinal structures—including discs, joints, and ligaments—gradually lose elasticity and their ability to regenerate. The discs between vertebrae become thinner, which can reduce the height of the intervertebral space and put pressure on nerve roots.
Injuries: Spinal injuries, such as falls or car accidents, can damage intervertebral discs, joints, or ligaments. These injuries increase the risk of developing spondylosis by disrupting spinal stability and accelerating degenerative processes.
Excessive physical exertion: People involved in heavy physical labor or high-risk sports (e.g., weightlifters, runners, football players) may be at greater risk for spondylosis. Excessive physical strain stresses the spine, speeding up disc and joint degeneration.
Body posture and poor alignment: Prolonged poor posture, such as slouching while sitting or standing, increases pressure on certain parts of the spine. This can lead to accelerated wear of the discs and a higher risk of spondylosis.
Genetics: Genetic predisposition also plays a role. If there are cases of spondylosis in your family, you have an increased chance of developing the condition.
Excess body weight: People who are overweight or obese put additional pressure on the spine, accelerating degeneration. This pressure especially affects the lower back, increasing the risk of lumbar spondylosis.
Chronic diseases: Chronic conditions like arthritis can also contribute to spondylosis development. These diseases affect joints and ligaments, raising the risk of spinal degeneration.
Symptoms of spondylosis – how to recognize the condition early?
Spondylosis often develops gradually, and its symptoms can vary depending on the type and stage of the disease. It is important to recognize the early signs to start treatment on time and prevent further complications.
Back pain:
The most common symptom of spondylosis is back pain, usually localized to the affected area of the spine. The pain can be dull, constant, or sharp, especially during movement, bending, or prolonged standing. Pain in the neck or lower back is typical for cervical or lumbar spondylosis, respectively.
Stiffness in the spine:
Spondylosis can cause stiffness and reduced spinal mobility. People with this condition often have difficulty turning their neck or bending their back, which affects daily activities.
Tingling and weakness:
If degeneration presses on spinal nerves, tingling or weakness may occur in the arms, legs, or fingers. This is most common in cervical spondylosis, where tingling in the arms or fingers appears. Similar symptoms can occur in lumbar spondylosis, causing leg pain.
Headaches:
Cervical spondylosis can cause headaches, especially those starting at the back of the head and spreading toward the front. These headaches are often accompanied by neck and shoulder pain.
Radiating pain to the limbs:
In lumbar spondylosis, pain may radiate to the legs (known as sciatica), while in cervical spondylosis, pain can radiate to the arms and shoulders. This pain can be mild or very intense, depending on the pressure on nerve roots.
Feeling of balance loss:
In advanced stages of spondylosis, problems with balance and coordination may arise. This is usually related to nerve root compression or loss of stability in the spinal joints.
Treatment Methods for Spondylosis – Physiotherapy and Exercise Therapy
Treatment of spondylosis involves various approaches aimed at relieving symptoms, reducing pain, restoring spinal mobility, and improving overall quality of life. Physiotherapy is a key part of rehabilitation, and the therapies offered at Fizio and Estetik Center In Loco can significantly contribute to recovery and relief from spondylosis-related discomfort. Our expertise in physical medicine allows for effective treatment and long-term improvement.
Physiotherapy – an effective approach to treating spondylosis
Physiotherapy is the first and most important step in spondylosis treatment, as it helps reduce pain, increase spinal mobility, and strengthen the muscles supporting the spine. At Fizio and Estetik Center In Loco, our physiotherapists apply various methods to help you relieve pain and improve function:
Mobilization and manipulation: Techniques to improve joint mobility and reduce stiffness, helping to relieve pain and restore normal movement.
Ultrasound therapy: Uses sound waves to penetrate tissues, reduce pain and inflammation, and stimulate tissue regeneration—effective for spondylosis-related pain.
Electrotherapy: Electrical currents are used to decrease pain, improve circulation, and accelerate healing processes, enhancing mobility and reducing spinal pain.
Laser therapy: High-energy lasers stimulate tissues and reduce pain by activating cells and speeding up regeneration, helping decrease inflammation and discomfort.
Magnetotherapy: Magnetic fields improve blood circulation and promote healing, reducing pain and improving mobility to ease spondylosis symptoms.
Shockwave therapy: High-intensity acoustic waves target affected areas to stimulate tissue regeneration and reduce pain.
Exercise therapy – key to prevention and recovery
Exercise therapy is essential for recovery from spondylosis. At Fizio and Estetik Center In Loco, specialists develop personalized exercise plans tailored to each patient’s specific needs. In addition to therapeutic exercises, we educate you on proper posture and lifestyle habits to prevent worsening of your condition and new injuries.
Stretching and flexibility exercises: These help reduce spinal stiffness and improve mobility, addressing the rigidity caused by spondylosis.
Breathing and relaxation exercises: Controlled breathing and relaxation techniques help decrease muscle tension, improve oxygen supply to the body, and promote tissue regeneration.
How can Fizio Center In Locco help in treating spondylosis?
At Fizio and Estetik Center In Locco, our team of physiotherapists uses a comprehensive approach to treat spondylosis. Through a detailed assessment of your condition, we develop a personalized treatment plan that covers all aspects of rehabilitation. Our services focus on pain relief, improving mobility, and strengthening the muscles that support the spine.
Individualized approach for each patient: We understand that every person has unique needs, so we tailor treatments according to your condition and requirements. Each plan is designed to ensure the best possible treatment outcome.
Regular monitoring and therapy adjustment: During treatment, we closely monitor your progress and adjust the therapy as needed to achieve the best results. This ensures that your therapy evolves along with your recovery.
Education on preventive measures: At Fizio and Estetik Center In Locco, we believe prevention plays a key role in treatment. We educate patients about proper posture, workplace ergonomics, and exercises to maintain a healthy spine, which significantly helps prevent further problems.
Our physiotherapy effectively reduces pain, restores mobility, and strengthens the spine, enabling our patients to return to daily activities and improve their quality of life.
Exercises and Prevention of Spondylosis
Prevention of spondylosis and maintaining spinal health are essential for long-term well-being and quality of life. Our spine plays a crucial role in everyday activities, and its health depends on proper care and exercise. At the In Locco Physio and Aesthetic Center, we focus on providing effective exercises and guidance to help our patients prevent spondylosis and preserve spinal health.
Exercises to strengthen spinal muscles
One of the most important factors in preventing spondylosis is strengthening the muscles of the back, neck, and core. Strong muscles help stabilize the spine, reduce pressure on discs and joints, and prevent condition worsening. Core and back strengthening exercises, such as planks, bridges, and weight training, can improve your posture and decrease spinal load.
Stretching and increasing flexibility
Spondylosis can cause spinal stiffness, reducing flexibility and mobility. Stretching exercises are vital for maintaining a normal range of motion. At In Locco, stretching therapies are used to enhance spinal flexibility, reduce stiffness, and prevent pain.
Proper posture and ergonomics
Poor posture and incorrect body positioning, especially during long hours at a computer or static activities, can contribute to spondylosis. Our physiotherapists educate patients on correct sitting, standing, and movement habits to reduce spinal stress and prevent joint and disc problems.
Preventing injuries and spinal stress
We advise our patients to follow ergonomic principles in daily life, including proper lifting techniques, avoiding overexertion, and allowing the body time for rest and recovery.
Activities for spinal health
Regular physical activities such as yoga, pilates, swimming, and walking are recommended. These not only improve flexibility and strength but also reduce the risk of injuries and degenerative changes.
How long does recovery from spondylosis take?
Recovery from spondylosis depends on various factors, including the severity of the condition, the type of treatment applied, and the effort invested in rehabilitation. At Fizio and Estetik Center In Locco, we provide an individualized approach for each patient, tailoring therapy to achieve the fastest and most effective recovery. Although recovery time can vary, generally, recovering from spondylosis requires patience, persistence, and regular monitoring of progress.
Initial recovery phase – pain and inflammation reduction
In the early stages of recovery, the goal is to reduce pain and inflammation. During this period, patients are recommended light physical therapy treatments such as electrotherapy, ultrasound therapy, and gentle joint mobilization. This phase usually lasts from a few days to several weeks, depending on the level of pain and inflammation.
Gradual return to exercises and muscle strengthening
Once pain and inflammation decrease, the patient gradually returns to physical exercises. These exercises include strengthening the back, neck, and core muscles, as well as spinal stretching. Based on progress, therapy is adjusted and exercises become more intense. This recovery phase typically lasts 4–6 weeks, during which the patient must exercise regularly and follow the therapist’s advice.
Return to daily activities
When spinal mobility improves and pain and stiffness subside, the patient can gradually resume daily activities. The timeframe for returning to normal activities varies between patients but usually lasts from 6 to 12 weeks. It is recommended to gradually increase activity intensity to avoid overloading the spine.
Preventive measures for long-term protection
Recovery does not end once the patient returns to daily activities. Preventing further spinal problems is crucial and requires continuing muscle strengthening exercises, stretching, and maintaining proper ergonomics at work and home. Regular physiotherapy visits and good habits help maintain spinal health in the long term.