What is osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis is a bone disease that leads to a decrease in bone density, making the bones weak and fragile. The bones become porous, which means they lose their density and structure, making them more prone to fractures. This disease is often called the “silent thief” because symptoms usually do not appear until a fracture occurs, often as a result of a minor injury. Osteoporosis most commonly affects people over the age of 50, but it can affect people of any age, and especially women after menopause due to a decrease in estrogen levels, a hormone that helps maintain bone density.
The main cause of osteoporosis is an imbalance between the process of forming new bone and breaking down old bone. While bones are constantly being renewed, in the case of osteoporosis, the process of resorption (breakdown of old bone) exceeds the process of building new bone. This can lead to bone weakening, an increased risk of fractures, and a significant reduction in quality of life.
Why is it important to treat osteoporosis?
Treating osteoporosis is crucial for several reasons:
Prevention of fractures – Osteoporosis makes bones very fragile, and even a minor bump or fall can cause a serious fracture. Fractures most commonly occur in the hip, spine, and wrist, and these fractures can have serious consequences, including long-term disability.
Improvement of quality of life – People with osteoporosis may experience pain, loss of function, and limitations in daily activities due to fractures or spinal problems. By treating osteoporosis, it is possible to alleviate these symptoms, reduce pain, and enable people to return to physical activities and lead a normal life.
Prevention of further complications – If osteoporosis is left untreated, the condition of the bones can worsen, leading to more fractures. With timely treatment, it is possible to stop further loss of bone density and prevent more serious consequences.
Preservation of autonomy – Fractures caused by osteoporosis, especially in older people, can significantly reduce mobility and even lead to dependence on the help of others. Treating osteoporosis helps maintain the ability to move independently and perform daily activities.
Treatment of osteoporosis includes preventive measures, therapy that may involve medication, physiotherapy treatments, and lifestyle changes. At the Fizio and Aesthetic Center In Locco, the approach to treating osteoporosis is comprehensive, using modern methods that allow patients to return to an active life while reducing the risk of fractures and other complications.
Causes of osteoporosis
Osteoporosis develops due to various factors that can affect the strength and health of bones. Although aging is a natural and inevitable process, certain factors can accelerate bone density loss and increase the risk of developing osteoporosis. Understanding the causes of this disease is important to take preventive measures and reduce the risk. The main causes of osteoporosis include genetic factors, hormonal changes, unhealthy lifestyle, and other specific risk factors.
Genetic Factors
Genetics plays a significant role in the development of osteoporosis. If there is a family history of osteoporosis or bone fractures, the likelihood of developing the disease increases. Genetic factors can influence bone density, the ability to regenerate bone, and the body’s response to hormonal changes affecting bones. For example, if your mother or father has osteoporosis, your risk of developing the disease is higher because the structure and strength of bones are inherited.
Hormonal Changes (especially in women)
Hormones play a key role in maintaining bone health. The most noticeable factor is hormonal changes, particularly in women during menopause. Menopause causes a significant decrease in estrogen levels, a hormone that helps maintain bone density. The reduction of estrogen after menopause can accelerate bone loss, making postmenopausal women especially vulnerable to osteoporosis.
Other hormonal changes, such as decreased testosterone levels in older men, can negatively impact bone strength and increase the risk of osteoporosis. Additionally, thyroid gland disorders (hyperthyroidism) and parathyroid gland disorders (hypoparathyroidism) can cause imbalances in bone metabolism, which may lead to osteoporosis.
Unhealthy Lifestyle (nutrition, physical inactivity)
An unhealthy lifestyle significantly contributes to the development of osteoporosis. A lack of key nutrients, such as calcium and vitamin D, in the diet can negatively affect bone health. Calcium is a fundamental mineral that forms the structure of bones, while vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium from food. Deficiencies in these nutrients can increase the likelihood of bone mass loss.
Moreover, physical inactivity is another factor that raises the risk of osteoporosis. Regular exercise, especially weight-bearing activities (such as walking, running, or weightlifting), helps maintain bone density and reduces the risk of bone weakening. People who spend most of their day sitting or have insufficient physical activity have an increased risk of developing osteoporosis.
Other risk factors
In addition to the factors mentioned above, there are several other risk factors that can contribute to the development of osteoporosis:
Age – As we age, the process of forming new bone slows down, while the breakdown of old bone remains active. This leads to a decrease in bone density and, consequently, an increased risk of osteoporosis.
Gender – Women have a higher risk of osteoporosis than men, especially after menopause, due to the decrease in estrogen levels. Although men can also develop osteoporosis, it is more common among women.
Use of certain medications – Long-term use of corticosteroids (drugs used to reduce inflammation) can negatively affect bones and increase the risk of osteoporosis. Additionally, medications used to treat cancer, such as therapies for breast and prostate cancer, can also increase the risk.
Eating disorders – Anorexia nervosa and bulimia can lead to reduced bone density because these conditions can cause a deficiency of key nutrients such as calcium and vitamin D.
Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption – Smoking and excessive alcohol intake increase the risk of osteoporosis because they can interfere with bone production and reduce calcium absorption.
Symptoms of osteoporosis
Osteoporosis often causes no symptoms in the early stages of the disease, which is why it is known as the “silent” bone loss. Many people do not find out they have osteoporosis until fractures or other serious bone problems occur. However, as the disease progresses, various symptoms may appear indicating bone weakness and increased risk of injury. The most common symptoms of osteoporosis include:
Fractures and injuries
Fractures are one of the most common symptoms of osteoporosis because weakened bones become much more prone to breaking, even from minor injuries or falls. Bones that are especially susceptible to fractures in people with osteoporosis include the spine, hips, wrists, and hand joints.
Fractures that occur without significant external trauma, such as a fall or accident, can be a sign that the bones are already weakened due to osteoporosis. People with osteoporosis may experience fractures even during simple activities like coughing, sitting, or lifting objects from the floor.
The spine is particularly vulnerable to fractures, which is why people with osteoporosis often experience compression fractures of the vertebrae. These fractures can cause changes in the shape of the spine as well as a decrease in overall height.
Height loss and poor posture
As osteoporosis progresses, the bones of the spine can become so weak that the vertebrae begin to compress (shrink in height). These compressions can lead to a loss of height, which is often one of the first signs of osteoporosis in older adults. In addition, height loss may be accompanied by poor posture, such as a curved back (commonly known as a “hunched” or “stooped” posture).
Poor posture results from the weakening of the muscles and bones of the spine, and people with osteoporosis may notice they lean forward more easily or have difficulty maintaining proper posture. This issue can be especially pronounced in postmenopausal women, when bone mass loss often accelerates.
Back and spine pain
Back pain is a common symptom of osteoporosis, especially in the spinal area. This pain can be caused by compression fractures of the vertebrae, which lead to changes in the spine’s structure and compression of nerve endings. The pain may be sharp and sudden, but it can also develop gradually over time as the bones become weaker.
People with osteoporosis often experience pain in the lower back, which can worsen when bending, lifting heavy objects, or standing for long periods. Sometimes, back pain may indicate microscopic fractures that occurred without obvious injury.
Additionally, osteoporosis can cause chronic pain in the joints or hips, as these parts of the body bear extra load due to weakened bones. Pain can also spread to other areas of the body because of postural changes and balance issues.
Osteoporosis Treatment at the Fizio and Estetik Center In Locco
Treatment of osteoporosis requires a multidisciplinary approach that includes various therapeutic methods to improve bone density, reduce the risk of fractures, and relieve pain. At the Fizio and Estetik Center In Locco, modern physiotherapy techniques are used, along with other methods that help patients effectively combat osteoporosis. We will detail the key treatments used in managing this disease.
Physiotherapy and specialized exercises for strengthening bones
Physiotherapy is one of the cornerstones of osteoporosis treatment. Specialized exercises performed under the supervision of a physiotherapist focus on strengthening bones, increasing muscle mass, improving balance, and preventing falls. The exercises are tailored to the individual needs of patients, taking into account their age, degree of osteoporosis, and overall health condition.
These exercises may include various types of activities, such as:
Weight-bearing exercises: While not overly intense, these exercises, such as walking, cycling, or weight training, can significantly improve bone density and reduce the risk of fractures.
Stretching exercises: Help maintain joint mobility and reduce stiffness, which is common in osteoporosis.
Balance and coordination exercises: These exercises decrease the risk of falls and help patients feel more secure during daily activities.
The exercises performed at the Fizio and Estetik Center In Locco aim to improve functionality and reduce pain, providing patients with additional strength and stability, which is essential for fracture prevention.
Use of Electrotherapy, Magnetotherapy, and Other Treatments
At the Fizio and Estetik Center In Locco, advanced methods of electrotherapy and magnetotherapy are used, which have a significant impact on reducing pain and stimulating bone regeneration.
Electrotherapy: This treatment uses electrical impulses to stimulate muscles and improve circulation, which can contribute to better nourishment of bones. Electrotherapy can also reduce pain and inflammation that often accompany osteoporosis.
Magnetotherapy: Magnets and electromagnetic fields used in therapy can improve microcirculation in the bones, stimulate bone tissue renewal, and accelerate fracture healing. Additionally, magnetotherapy has a soothing effect on pain and can reduce inflammation.
Therapeutic Ultrasound: This method uses high-frequency sound waves to treat injuries and pain in muscles, tendons, and joints. It helps improve circulation, reduce inflammation, and speed up tissue healing.
Shockwave Therapy: Shockwave therapy uses high-intensity acoustic waves to relieve pain and stimulate tissue regeneration. It is often used for treating injuries of muscles, tendons, and joints.
Laser Therapy: Laser therapy uses low-intensity light (laser) to stimulate healing processes, reduce pain, and inflammation. This therapy is often applied in treating injuries, chronic pain, and to accelerate tissue regeneration.
The combination of electrotherapy and magnetotherapy is used to provide patients with faster and more effective osteoporosis treatment by reducing pain and stimulating the body’s natural regeneration processes.
Massages and Manual Therapy for Pain Relief
Massages and manual therapy are used to relieve pain caused by osteoporosis, improve circulation, and reduce muscle tension. These treatments are especially helpful in reducing stress on joints and bones, enhancing overall mobility and body function.
Massages: Specialized massages help relax muscles, reduce inflammation and pain, and improve blood and lymph flow. Regular massages can decrease tension and stiffness, which is important for patients with osteoporosis who often experience back and spinal pain.
Manual Therapy: Manual therapists at the Fizio In Loco Center use various techniques, such as joint manipulations and mobilizations, to improve mobility, reduce pain, and increase flexibility.
These therapies enable patients to improve their physical function and quality of life by lessening the impact of osteoporosis on daily activities.
Lifestyle Adjustments (Recommendations for Diet and Physical Activity)
Besides physiotherapy and medication, lifestyle changes also play a key role in the treatment of osteoporosis. At the Fizio and Estetik Center In Locco, patients receive detailed advice on how to improve their daily lifestyle, which further supports osteoporosis treatment.
Diet recommendations: A healthy diet rich in calcium, vitamin D, and other nutrients is essential for maintaining bone health. Foods such as dairy products, green vegetables, fish, and nuts are recommended.
Physical activity recommendations: Regular exercise that includes weight-bearing exercises, stretching, and aerobic activities is advised. Activities like brisk walking, cycling, or yoga can help strengthen bones and reduce the risk of fractures.
Adapting one’s lifestyle and adopting healthy habits in everyday life can significantly contribute to the success of osteoporosis treatment.
Prevention of Osteoporosis
Prevention of osteoporosis plays a key role in maintaining bone health throughout life, reducing the risk of developing the disease, fractures, and other complications. Preventive measures include changes in diet, physical activity, and lifestyle, as well as adopting healthy habits that can significantly contribute to preserving bone density. We will detail four main components of osteoporosis prevention.
The Role of Proper Nutrition (Calcium, Vitamin D)
One of the most important factors in preventing osteoporosis is proper nutrition. Calcium and vitamin D are essential for bone health because they help build bones, maintain their density, and prevent demineralization.
Calcium:
Calcium is the fundamental building block of bones. Without enough calcium, bones become weaker and more prone to fractures. The recommended daily intake for adults is 1000 mg of calcium, while women in postmenopause and people over 70 years old should consume 1200 mg daily. The best sources of calcium include:
Dairy products (milk, yogurt, cheese)
Green leafy vegetables (broccoli, spinach)
Nuts (almonds, hazelnuts)
Fish (salmon, sardines)
Fortified products (e.g., juices and cereals enriched with calcium)
Vitamin D:
Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium. A deficiency of vitamin D can negatively affect bone density, so the recommended daily intake is 600 IU for adults and 800 IU for those over 70 years. Vitamin D can be obtained from sunlight exposure as well as from foods such as:
Fatty fish (salmon, mackerel)
Eggs
Fortified products (milk, margarine)
Vitamin D supplements (if necessary, as recommended by a doctor)
Taking calcium and vitamin D in appropriate amounts can significantly contribute to strengthening bones and preventing osteoporosis. It is important to maintain a balance between these two nutrients, as vitamin D enables the efficient absorption of calcium in the body.
Regular Physical Activity
Physical activity is crucial for the prevention of osteoporosis because weight-bearing and strength exercises help strengthen bones and maintain their density. Incorporating regular physical activities into daily life helps preserve bone health as we age.
Weight-bearing exercises: Activities such as running, walking, brisk walking, climbing stairs, yoga, and dancing help stimulate bones and increase their density. Applying load to the bones encourages them to become stronger.
Strength exercises: Strength training, such as weightlifting, can help increase muscle mass, which indirectly strengthens bones. Muscles provide additional support to the bones, reducing the risk of fractures.
Balance exercises: While weight-bearing and strength exercises play the most important role, balance exercises (e.g., tai chi or pilates) can also reduce the risk of falls and injuries, which is especially important for people with osteoporosis.
It is recommended to engage in at least 30 minutes of physical activity on most days of the week, including a combination of weight-bearing, strength, and balance exercises.
Avoiding Bad Habits (Smoking, Alcohol)
Bad lifestyle habits such as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can negatively affect bone health and increase the risk of developing osteoporosis.
Smoking: Smoking reduces the body’s supply of essential nutrients for healthy bones, such as calcium and vitamin D. It also decreases estrogen production in women, which can lead to reduced bone density. Smoking is associated with a higher risk of fractures, especially in postmenopausal women.
Alcohol: Excessive alcohol consumption can also damage bones by interfering with calcium absorption and reducing the production of osteoblast cells responsible for bone renewal. It is recommended to limit alcohol intake to a maximum of one glass per day for women and two glasses per day for men.
These harmful habits increase the risk of osteoporosis and fractures, so it is advisable to avoid them or at least reduce consumption.
Control of Body Weight and Stress on Bones
Maintaining a healthy body weight plays a key role in preventing osteoporosis. Excess body weight puts additional pressure on the bones, especially the joints, which can accelerate bone degradation and increase the risk of injuries and fractures. On the other hand, very low body weight can also be risky because reduced load on the bones may lead to bone mass loss.
Weight control: A healthy diet rich in nutrients, along with regular exercise, helps maintain a healthy body weight and prevents excessive pressure on the bones.
Reducing stress on bones: Bones can be damaged if subjected to excessive stress, whether from overweight, poor posture, or repeated physical strain. Regular physical activity and proper nutrition help reduce the risk of stress on bones.
Maintaining a healthy body weight and reducing stress on bones help lower the risk of osteoporosis, making bones stronger and more resistant to injury.