What is calcification in the shoulder?
Calcification in the shoulder represents the accumulation of crystallized calcium deposits in the tendons or soft tissues of the shoulder, most often within the rotator cuff. These deposits can vary in size and density, and sometimes trigger an inflammatory reaction and pain. Although the condition may occur without symptoms, in many cases calcification leads to restricted movement and significant discomfort.
The process of calcification development often involves changes in tendon metabolism, micro-damage, or degenerative changes. Over time, the deposits may be reabsorbed spontaneously, remain stable, or increase in size, which affects the intensity of symptoms and the need for treatment.
Which parts of the shoulder are most commonly affected?
M. supraspinatus tendon – the most common site of calcification, responsible for lifting the arm and stabilizing the shoulder.
M. infraspinatus tendon – sometimes affected, especially during external rotation movements.
M. subscapularis tendon – less commonly involved, but can cause deep anterior shoulder pain.
Subacromial bursa – inflammation of the bursa around the tendons may accompany calcification, intensifying pain and limiting movement.
Calcification in the shoulder may also occur in combination with other degenerative changes in the joint, but it most commonly affects the tendons involved in arm rotation and lifting, which explains why pain and stiffness become more pronounced during specific movements.
Causes of calcification in the shoulder
Calcification in the shoulder occurs when calcium abnormally deposits in the tendons or surrounding soft tissues, usually following tissue damage. Although the exact mechanism is not yet fully understood, experts recognize several key factors that contribute to this condition.
Degenerative changes in tendons
With age, the tendons of the rotator cuff can become weaker and less elastic, making calcium accumulation easier. Tendon degeneration is often associated with reduced blood flow, decreased regenerative capacity, and increased susceptibility to micro-injuries. These changes may be silent, without obvious pain, but gradually lead to the formation of deposits that later cause symptoms.
Injuries and microtraumas
Acute tendon injuries (e.g., strains, partial tears) can create conditions favorable for calcium buildup. Microtraumas are also common, resulting from repetitive shoulder movements, especially in athletes and individuals performing physically demanding work. Each microtrauma can trigger a local reparative response in the tendon, which in some cases leads to calcium deposition.
Inflammatory changes
Chronic inflammation of tendons and bursae increases the risk of calcification. Inflammatory processes disrupt tendon metabolism, facilitating calcium deposition and worsening pain and stiffness. Often, a combination of inflammation and degeneration occurs in individuals over 40 years old.
Chronic stress and shoulder overuse
Repetitive overhead movements, carrying heavy loads, or prolonged static shoulder strain increase pressure on the tendons. Chronic stress and overuse lead to micro-injuries, reduced blood flow, and impaired regeneration, promoting calcification. This is a common cause in athletes, construction workers, painters, and others who frequently use their arms above shoulder level.
Symptoms of calcification in the shoulder
Calcification in the shoulder often causes characteristic symptoms, which can vary in intensity and duration depending on the size, location of the deposit, and degree of inflammation. Early recognition of symptoms helps enable timely treatment and reduce complications.
Shoulder pain, especially with movement
The most common symptom is a deep, stabbing pain in the shoulder that intensifies when raising the arm overhead, rotating it, or carrying a load. Pain can be sudden and severe during certain movements, while sometimes subsiding at rest. The sensation often feels like a “cramp” or tightness within the tendon and surrounding tissue.
Limited range of motion
Calcification can restrict normal shoulder movement, particularly raising the arm, as well as internal and external rotation. This limitation arises from a combination of the mechanical obstruction caused by the deposit and reflexive muscle spasms around the affected area. People often instinctively avoid movements that trigger pain, which can further lead to stiffness and shoulder weakness.
Night pain and difficulty sleeping
Pain often worsens at night, especially when lying on the affected side. Nighttime discomfort can disrupt sleep, causing fatigue and reducing quality of life. Sometimes, it may be the only symptom in the early stages, while movement restrictions appear later.
Occasional swelling or inflammatory reaction
In some cases, particularly when calcification triggers inflammation of the bursa, local swelling, redness, and warmth may occur. The inflammatory response increases pain and further limits mobility. These symptoms often accompany phases when the deposit is forming or beginning to be reabsorbed.
Treatment of shoulder calcification at Fizio In Locco Center
Treatment of shoulder calcification requires a personalized approach that combines professional diagnostics, targeted therapies, and patient education. At Fizio and Aesthetic Center In Locco, our focus is on effectively reducing pain, restoring mobility, and preventing the recurrence of calcification, with minimal risk of complications.
Detailed assessment and diagnostics
Each patient begins with an ultrasound examination and clinical evaluation to precisely determine the location, size, and severity of the deposit, as well as the presence of bursa and tendon inflammation. Based on the results, we create an individualized therapy plan tailored to the intensity of symptoms and the patient’s lifestyle.
Physical therapy and manual techniques
The use of ultrasound, electrotherapy, and massage reduces pain and local inflammation.
Myofascial release and shoulder mobilization relax muscles and tendons, improve circulation, and accelerate calcification resorption.
Professional therapy is carefully combined with movements that do not stress the deposit, reducing the risk of additional pain.
Kinesiotherapy and targeted exercises
Patients are introduced to an exercise program to strengthen the rotator cuff and shoulder stabilizers, improving functionality and reducing tendon strain.
Movement intensity is gradually increased so that muscles become more resilient and the calcification has less chance of worsening symptoms.
Exercises are individually tailored and supervised by a physiotherapist to avoid overloading.
Minimally invasive procedures
When necessary, in collaboration with an orthopedic specialist, we perform ultrasound-guided calcification aspiration.
This method allows precise removal of the deposit with minimal trauma to surrounding tissue and faster recovery.
After the procedure, the patient continues a specialized physical therapy and exercise program at our center.
Education and prevention
Patients receive guidance on proper movement, ergonomics, and activities that protect the shoulder joint.
They are taught to recognize early symptoms, allowing timely intervention and reducing the risk of recurrence.
At Fizio In Locco Center, treating shoulder calcification is not just about relieving pain—it is a comprehensive process: diagnostics, physical therapy, targeted exercises, minimally invasive procedures, and patient education. Our goal is for patients to regain full shoulder function, reduce pain, and prevent calcification recurrence, all with maximum safety and an individualized approach.
Prevention and tips for shoulder health
Prevention of shoulder calcification is just as important as treatment. Through regular habits and a proper approach to physical activities, it is possible to reduce the risk of deposit formation and maintain shoulder function. A proactive approach, combining practical advice and professional therapies, is emphasized.
Proper technique during physical activities
Incorrect movements and repetitive overhead motions increase stress on the rotator cuff tendons.
Using correct technique in sports, exercise, and daily activities reduces microtraumas that may lead to calcification.
Therapists provide education and technique correction, especially for people involved in sports or physically demanding work.
Regular strengthening and stretching of the shoulder
Exercises that strengthen the rotator cuff and scapular stabilizers help distribute load evenly and reduce the risk of tendon damage.
Regular stretching of the shoulder and surrounding muscles maintains tendon elasticity and improves mobility.
Patients are offered targeted exercises under professional supervision to ensure effectiveness and safety.
Monitoring load and rest
It is important to gradually increase activity intensity and allow tendons time to recover.
Excessive load without rest increases the risk of micro-injuries and later calcification.
Experts assist patients in properly planning activities and rest, especially for chronic or professional athletes.
Early response to pain and discomfort
Any new or unusual shoulder pain should be taken seriously. Early response enables timely diagnosis and treatment.
Ignoring symptoms can lead to increased calcification and complications that hinder recovery.
Patients receive guidance and programs for early intervention to prevent progression and preserve shoulder function.
Prevention of shoulder calcification is based on a combination of correct technique, targeted exercises, controlled load, and prompt response to pain. Professional support and education help patients maintain a healthy, functional shoulder, reduce the risk of calcification, and improve long-term quality of life.