What is lymphedema?
Lymphedema is a chronic, progressive condition that arises due to a disorder in the lymphatic system and is characterized by the accumulation of lymph fluid in soft tissues and the appearance of swelling—most commonly in the arms or legs. This fluid, known as lymph, normally circulates throughout the body and helps eliminate toxins, waste, and excess substances, as well as fight infections.
When the lymphatic system fails to function properly—whether due to congenital abnormalities, surgical procedures, radiation therapy, injuries, or infections—lymph fluid builds up, causing swelling that can range from mild to severe, and may even limit a person’s ability to function normally.
It’s important to emphasize that lymphedema is not just a cosmetic issue but a serious health condition which, if left untreated, can lead to further complications such as infections, skin damage, limited mobility, and even psychological consequences. That’s why early recognition and treatment of lymphedema are crucial for maintaining quality of life.
Causes and Risk Factors for the Development of Lymphedema
Lymphedema can develop for various reasons and, depending on the cause, is classified as either primary or secondary lymphedema.
Primary Lymphedema
Primary lymphedema is a rarer form and occurs as a result of congenital abnormalities of the lymphatic system. It may appear at birth, during puberty, or later in adulthood. The most common cause is an underdeveloped, insufficient, or nonfunctional lymphatic system. While it can be hereditary in some cases, primary lymphedema may also occur without any family history of the condition.
Secondary Lymphedema
Secondary lymphedema is much more common and occurs due to damage or removal of lymph vessels and lymph nodes as a result of other medical conditions or treatments. The most common causes include:
Surgical procedures – especially surgeries for cancer (breast, cervical, prostate, testicular), where lymph nodes are removed.
Radiation therapy – radiation can damage lymphatic vessels and reduce the lymphatic system’s ability to drain fluid.
Cancers – certain tumors can directly block or damage lymphatic pathways.
Infections – especially in tropical regions, where certain parasitic infections (such as filariasis) can cause lymphedema.
Injuries or trauma – severe injuries, burns, wounds, and infections can damage the lymphatic system.
Immobilization – prolonged bed rest or lack of movement can impair lymph drainage and contribute to the development of lymphedema.
Risk Factors
Certain factors can further increase the risk of developing lymphedema, especially in individuals already exposed to the causes mentioned above:
Obesity
Physical inactivity
Older age
Existing venous insufficiency
Repeated infections in the affected limbs
Understanding the causes and risk factors is crucial for the prevention and early detection of lymphedema, enabling timely treatment and significant symptom relief.
Symptoms of Lymphedema – How to Recognize It?
Symptoms of lymphedema usually develop gradually but can become chronic and increasingly severe if not recognized in time. It most commonly affects the limbs—arms or legs—but can also occur in other parts of the body, depending on the cause and location of the lymphatic system damage.
The most common symptoms of lymphedema include:
Swelling of the limbs – initially mild and often unnoticed, but over time it can become more pronounced and interfere with daily activities. The swelling is typically persistent and does not go away with rest.
A feeling of heaviness or tightness – patients often describe the affected limb as “not feeling like their own,” or feeling “heavy as lead.”
Tightness and thickening of the skin – the skin becomes harder, less elastic, and in later stages may show changes such as thickening (fibrosis), dryness, and cracking.
Reduced mobility – swelling and discomfort can limit joint movement (e.g., bending the knee or elbow).
Changes in limb size – one arm or leg may become noticeably larger than the other, which is particularly noticeable when putting on clothes or shoes.
Tingling, pain, or discomfort – although lymphedema is not always painful, many patients report unpleasant sensations in the affected area.
Frequent skin infections (e.g., cellulitis) – due to lymph fluid stagnation, the skin becomes more prone to infections, which can further worsen the condition.
Indentations from clothing or jewelry – an early sign of lymphedema may be marks left by socks, rings, or bracelets that don’t fade easily, as the swollen area loses its elasticity.
Stages of Lymphedema and the Importance of Early Diagnosis
Lymphedema develops gradually and passes through several stages, each bringing increasingly serious tissue changes and making treatment more difficult. That is why early recognition and the start of therapy are crucial to prevent long-term complications.
Stage 0 – Subclinical (Latent) Stage
At this stage, the lymphatic system already shows signs of damage, but there is no visible swelling. A person may occasionally feel heaviness, tightness, or mild discomfort in the limb. This phase can last for months or even years.
This is the best time for preventive action because lymphedema can still be fully controlled.
Stage 1 – Reversible Lymphedema
Swelling is mild to moderate and subsides when the limb is rested or elevated. The skin remains soft, and pressing on it leaves an indentation (known as “pitting” edema).
At this stage, it is possible to fully restore normal condition with adequate therapy.
Stage 2 – Irreversible Lymphedema
Swelling is constantly present and does not subside spontaneously, even after rest. The skin becomes thickened and hard, and the tissue around the affected area develops fibrosis. Mobility may be impaired.
Treatment is still possible but requires consistent and continuous therapy.
Stage 3 – Severe Lymphedema (Elephantiasis)
At this stage, there are major deformities, pronounced swelling, thickening and discoloration of the skin, formation of skin folds, and increased risk of infections. Quality of life is significantly impaired.
Treatment is complex and focused on relieving symptoms and preventing complications.
Why is early diagnosis important?
Timely recognition of lymphedema and starting treatment allows:
Prevention of progression to more severe stages of the disease,
Better symptom control,
Preservation of limb function,
Reduced risk of infections,
Improved quality of life for the patient.
Therefore, it is important to respond immediately to the first signs of swelling or discomfort in the limbs and seek professional help. Early intervention makes a crucial difference.
Treatment of Lymphedema – Approach at Fizio and Estetik Center In Locco
Treatment of lymphedema requires a comprehensive, professionally guided approach aimed not only at reducing swelling but also at improving functionality, quality of life, and preventing further deterioration. At the Fizio and Estetik Center In Locco, we apply modern therapeutic methods with individually tailored programs for each patient.
Combined Decongestive Therapy (CDT)
CDT is the gold standard in lymphedema treatment and consists of several components that together provide the best results:
Manual Lymphatic Drainage (MLD): A special massage technique that stimulates lymph flow and removes excess fluid from the affected area.
Pressotherapy – Apparatus Lymphatic Drainage
Compression Therapy: Use of elastic bandages or compression stockings after lymphatic drainage to prevent re-accumulation of fluid.
Exercises and Therapeutic Movements: Gentle, targeted physical activity that improves circulation, mobility, and strengthens muscles without additional strain on the lymphatic system.
Skin Care and Hygiene: Due to the risk of infections, it is very important to keep the skin clean and healthy, with proper hydration and care.
Lymphedema Treatment at Fizio and Estetik Center In Locco
At our center, we pay special attention to an individualized approach for every patient. Based on assessment of the condition and stage of lymphedema, we create a personalized therapy plan which includes:
Application of manual lymphatic drainage performed by trained therapists, as well as pressotherapy.
Use of professional compression equipment and patient education for correct home application.
Guided exercises and advice on daily physical activity.
Monitoring progress and continuous therapy adjustments according to results.
Our team consists of experts with many years of experience working with lymphatic disorders, and our goal is to provide each patient with maximum support, knowledge, and expertise throughout the recovery process.
First Steps Toward Relief
If you suspect you have lymphedema or have been diagnosed with the condition, we invite you to schedule an examination at our center. Based on the initial assessment, we will recommend an appropriate therapeutic approach and explain every step of the process.
Fizio and Estetik Center In Locco is here to help you live again without feelings of heaviness, swelling, and discomfort. Therapy doesn’t just change your condition—it changes the quality of your everyday life.
Prevention and Everyday Life Tips for Living with Lymphedema
Although lymphedema can be a chronic condition, with proper care and adherence to certain guidelines, it is possible to successfully control symptoms and prevent worsening. The key lies in regular self-care, staying informed, and consistently following expert recommendations.
How to Reduce the Risk of Lymphedema Worsening?
Avoid injuries and infections: The skin of the affected limb must be protected from cuts, scratches, insect bites, and similar injuries that can cause inflammation.
Do not wear tight clothing or jewelry: Tightness can interfere with lymphatic drainage. Clothing should be comfortable and not press on the affected area.
Maintain an optimal body weight: Obesity is a significant risk factor for worsening lymphedema. A balanced diet and mild physical activity are very helpful.
Avoid heat and high temperatures: Excessive exposure to the sun, saunas, and hot baths can increase swelling.
Regularly use compression stockings or bandages: As recommended by your therapist, compression helps maintain stable condition and reduce swelling.
Practical Tips for Everyday Life
Take care of your skin daily: Use mild soaps and moisturizing creams. The skin must be hydrated and protected.
Exercise regularly but carefully: Walking, swimming, and breathing exercises are great options. Avoid sudden and strenuous movements without prior consultation with your therapist.
Rest with elevated limbs: Whenever possible, raise your arm or leg to stimulate lymph circulation.
Listen to your body: If you notice worsening symptoms, redness, pain, or skin changes—be sure to consult a specialist.
Self-care does not end after therapy—it becomes part of everyday life. With the right support and knowledge, people living with lymphedema can lead a more active, confident, and quality life.